Electric Furnace Steel- Steel produced in a furnace where heat is generated electrically, normally by arc (EAF).  Due to the high cost, only tool steels or high value steels are produced by this process.

Elasticity- The ability of a material to return to its original shape and form

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)- See Electric Furnace Steel

Elongation- this tests the ductility of the metal.  When measured for tensile strength, metal elongates a certain amount before fracturing.  Two samples are placed together and the amount of extension is measured.  The measurement is normally given as a percentage of the original length.

ESR (Electro Slag Remelt)- also known as electro flux remelting, is a process used for melting, remelting and refining steels and alloys for use in critical applications.

Extrusion- The act or process of shaping by forcing through a die.